{"title":"3D True-to-life Anatomy - Abdomen and Gastrointestinal","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"abdomen-with-bilateral-hernias","title":"Abdomen with bilateral Hernias","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eAbdomen with bilateral Hernias\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis 3D model represents one of the largest and most complex in the series, consisting of a partial torso from the diaphragm to the proximal thigh with a complete abdominal cavity preserving varying levels of dissection. This 3D model also records the rare, simultaneous occurrence of indirect and direct inguinal hernias allowing for a consideration of the anatomical underpinnings for both conditions. Given the scale of the dissection this 3D model description is divided into discrete parts based on views and regions.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe diaphragm\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe diaphragm is preserved on the model’s superior aspect, with both domes and costodiaphragmatic recesses visible despite some distortion from rib removal. The fibrous pericardium rests on the central tendon, with the terminal inferior vena cava seen in the caval foramen. Lateral to this lies the oesophagus in the oesophageal hiatus, and the descending thoracic aorta approaching the aortic hiatus near the vertebrae.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe epigastric and hypochondriac regions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the abdomen, removal of the anterior wall, greater omentum, and much of the GI tract reveals retroperitoneal structures. The terminal oesophagus enters just left of the liver. With the stomach removed, the pancreas is fully exposed from head to tail, reaching the spleen in the left hypochondrium. Above it, the splenic and common hepatic arteries span the narrow space between pancreas, diaphragm, and liver. The tortuous splenic artery divides near the splenic vein; the common hepatic gives rise to the gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries, superficial to the portal vein. The superior mesenteric vessels pass near the pancreatic head, and the ileocolic artery leads to the caecum. The inferior mesenteric vein arises from the superior rectal vein and crosses the descending aorta.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBelow the liver, the gallbladder lies between the lobes. On the left, renal vessels pass deep to the pancreas, with ureters descending across the psoas muscles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe umbilical and lumbar regions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMost abdominal organs in the umbilical and lumbar regions have been removed to reveal the posterior abdominal wall. Centrally, the descending aorta and inferior vena cava are prominent, with testicular vessels traceable toward the inguinal region. Two right lumbar arteries branch from the aorta, and the inferior mesenteric artery gives rise to the left colic, sigmoid, and superior rectal arteries. On the right, subcostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves are visible, along with the circumflex iliac artery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe hypogastrium and iliac regions\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe abdominal aorta bifurcates into the common, internal, and external iliac arteries, with matching iliac veins merging into the inferior vena cava. The obturator artery, ureters, and testicular vessels are visible. In the true pelvis, the peritoneum covers the bladder, while the rectum remains obscured. The right iliac fossa contains the terminal ileum, caecum, and appendix, with nearby vessels and nerves. On the left, the sigmoid colon crosses the iliac fossa, where an epiploic appendage extends into an indirect hernia near the inferior epigastric artery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe inguinal region and perineum\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis model uniquely preserves both direct (right) and indirect (left) inguinal hernias, with the inferior epigastric vessels retained for anatomical orientation. The right hernia lies medial to these vessels; the left hernia sac extends laterally into the spermatic cord, containing an epiploic appendage. The perineum reveals the penis, testes, and spermatic cords. On the right, the cord remains intact; on the left, it’s opened, showing a varicose testicular vein linked to the indirect hernia.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe thigh\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe femoral triangle has been dissected on both thighs. On the right, the femoral sheath was removed to reveal the femoral artery, vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes, and femoral nerve. On the left, a broader view exposes anterior and medial thigh muscles, with the femoral artery, profunda femoris, and circumflex iliac artery visible. The model ends mid-thigh, showing cross-sectional anatomy including the femoral shaft, vessels, and muscles in the subsartorial canal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717613944,"sku":"EZ-MP1130","price":10374.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1130.jpg?v=1758798874"},{"product_id":"abdomen-vasculature","title":"Abdomen vasculature","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAbdomen vasculature\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoeliac Trunk\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe celiac trunk, arising at the T12 level, supplies the embryological foregut. Visible branches include the left gastric artery from the left side, the splenic artery passing to the left hypochondrium, and the common hepatic artery on the right. The common hepatic gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery, which connects to the superior mesenteric artery, and the proper hepatic artery, which branches into the left and right hepatic arteries. The right hepatic artery eventually forms the cystic artery supplying the gallbladder.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSuperior Mesenteric Artery and Inferior Mesenteric Artery\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe superior and inferior mesenteric arteries arise at L1 and L3, supplying the midgut and hindgut. While not fully preserved, the superior mesenteric artery is visible exiting below the pancreas and branching out, and the inferior mesenteric artery descends along the left side of the aorta. The left colic artery branches from the inferior mesenteric artery, supplying the colon via the marginal arteries.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eVenous System of the Abdomen\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe superior mesenteric vein lies posterior to the artery and appears less tubular. Removal of the liver’s left lobe exposes portal vein branches, which carry nutrients from the gut to hepatocytes before draining via hepatic veins into the inferior vena cava.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHilum of the Kidney\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe right kidney shows typical anatomy with the renal vein superior, artery inferior, and ureter descending. The left kidney displays variation: the renal vein is inferior and subdivided, the artery is superior, and the ureter descends medially.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuscles, Nerves and Other Vasculature\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe psoas major and iliacus muscles are visible on both sides, with key lumbar plexus nerves around them—especially on the left—including the iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, femoral, and genitofemoral nerves. Medial to the psoas major, the left testicular artery (from the aorta) and vein (draining to the left renal vein) are seen. The right testicular vein drains directly into the IVC. A branch of the iliolumbar artery passes beneath the testicular vessels and ureter.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eGallbladder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJust inferior to the liver, the gallbladder can be observed with the cystic artery moving inferiorly to meet it. The cystic duct can also be seen moving from the gallbladder, meeting the common hepatic duct moving from the liver to form the common bile duct.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717712248,"sku":"EZ-MP1131","price":6264.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1131_1.jpg?v=1758798776"},{"product_id":"vasculature-of-the-spleen","title":"Vasculature of the spleen","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eVasculature of the spleen\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis anatomical model vividly displays the splenic hilum, focusing on the critical vascular structures supplying and draining the spleen.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSplenic Artery and Vein:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth vessels enter the spleen at the hilum. The splenic vein’s opening is kept patent using inserted silicon tubing, allowing clear visualization of venous drainage. The model shows the most superior branch of the splenic vein carefully sectioned to reveal its course.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eTortuous Splenic Artery:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe model highlights the distinctive twisted and curled shape of the splenic artery as it branches at the hilum, reflecting its natural, winding path from the coeliac trunk to the spleen.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eBranching Vessels:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe splenic artery and vein give rise to the short gastric arteries and the left gastro-omental artery. In this specimen, these branches are cut beyond their origin, so they are not fully visible, providing a focused view of the main vessels at the hilum.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLigament Attachments (Not Present):\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Splenorenal Ligament: Connects the spleen to the left kidney and contains the splenic artery, vein, and tail of the pancreas. Formed embryologically from the dorsal mesentery’s peritoneum, this ligament is removed in the model to expose the splenic vessels clearly.\u003cbr\u003e- Gastrosplenic Ligament: Connects the stomach to the spleen, containing the short gastric arteries and part of the left gastro-omental artery. This ligament is also absent in the model due to dissection beyond the splenic artery branch.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpleen Capsule:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe outer surface of the spleen is covered by a thin fibrous capsule. This delicate layer is prone to rupture because of the spleen’s high blood content, an important clinical consideration highlighted by the model.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717745016,"sku":"EZ-MP1132","price":654.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1132.jpg?v=1758798685"},{"product_id":"abdomen-with-inguinal-hernia","title":"Abdomen with inguinal hernia","description":"\u003ch2\u003eAbdomen with inguinal hernia\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDiaphragm and Xyphoid Process\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe diaphragm has been secured to the superior border of the dissected specimen with sutures to ensure an unobstructed view of the abdomen. The xyphoid process is in the middle of this sutured border.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiver and Gallbladder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe liver in the right hypochondrium is pushed laterally to reveal the kidney behind it. The falciform ligament divides the liver’s right and left lobes and contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the fetal umbilical vein. Below the ligamentum teres, the gallbladder sits between the liver lobes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eStomach and Splenic Vasculature\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe deflated stomach is pushed up to reveal the twisted splenic artery and vein, which branch into the spleen’s hilum.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpleen and Pancreas\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe spleen sits in the left hypochondrium, with its gastric impression marking the stomach’s greater curvature. The pancreas tail, intraperitoneal and fused to the spleen’s hilum, lies near its inferior pole.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eKidneys\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe kidneys are mostly retroperitoneal, but the covering peritoneum is removed in this specimen. Normally, the right kidney lies lower due to the liver, but here it is smaller and higher than the left. The left kidney is enlarged, with two accessory renal arteries from the aorta supplying its hilum and lower pole.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdrenal Glands\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe left adrenal gland is detached from its usual position on the superior pole of the kidney. The middle adrenal artery originates directly from the aorta, left of the coeliac trunk, whilst the inferior adrenal artery is derived from the left renal artery: both supply the adrenal gland. The superior adrenal artery has been obscured by connective tissue.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eRectum and Bladder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlthough the majority of the peritoneum in the abdomen has been removed below the level of the sacral prominence (S1), a layer of peritoneum remains intact, which overlays the rectum and bladder. Notably this the first part of the rectum, which is intraperitoneal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eGastrointestinal Tract\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe final part of the ascending duodenum and the descending colon at the left colic flexure has been ligated with twine, with the intestine in between being removed in order to provide a better view of the abdomen.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePelvic Region\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn this specimen, the sigmoid colon has herniated indirectly through the inguinal canal. On the right, the vas deferens exits the superficial inguinal ring toward the right testicle, while other spermatic cord contents are removed. Sutures below the vas deferens mark the embalming entry via the right femoral artery.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbdominal Vasculature\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe coeliac trunk, located just below the stomach, typically branches into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries to supply the foregut.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn this 3D model, the coeliac trunk gives off right and left gastric arteries, the splenic artery, and a gastroduodenal branch that splits into two superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The proper hepatic artery arises independently from the abdominal aorta and gives off the right inferior phrenic artery. The iliolumbar artery emerges deep to the right psoas, connecting with branches of the right deep circumflex iliac artery along the iliac crest.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717777784,"sku":"EZ-MP1133","price":7206.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1133.jpg?v=1758798590"},{"product_id":"stomach-1","title":"Stomach","description":"\u003ch2\u003eStomach\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis 3D model is an isolated stomach with two dissection windows to expose the rugae and pylorus.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e A small portion of the terminal oesophagus is preserved at the cardiac region, and a small portion of the proximal duodenum beyond the pyloric sphincter. The large window within the body of the stomach allows for a clear view into the fundus and the well-developed rugae on the posterior aspect of the wall of the organ. The smaller window, opened just at the pyloric region, allows for an appreciation of the thickening of the organ wall at the pyloric sphincter just proximal to the start of the duodenum.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717810552,"sku":"EZ-MP1134","price":708.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1134.jpg?v=1758798510"},{"product_id":"spleen-and-pancreas","title":"Spleen and pancreas","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eSpleen and pancreas\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis detailed 3D anatomical model preserves the deep foregut organs, including the descending, horizontal, and ascending parts of the duodenum, the pancreas, and the spleen.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial;\"\u003eIt offers a unique and insightful view into the complex anatomy of this region.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eDuodenum\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA small window is opened in the duodenum to reveal the plicae circularis, the characteristic circular folds of the proximal small intestine. This contrasts with the prominent rugae of the stomach, providing an educational comparison of mucosal patterns in the upper gastrointestinal tract.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003ePancreas\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe pancreas is preserved in its natural anatomical position, nestled within the curvature of the duodenum. The head of the pancreas is clearly visible, including the distinct uncus located at its distal margin, adjacent to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). In this model, the SMA is already divided into its major named branches, highlighting its vascular complexity.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe body of the pancreas features the superior margin where the celiac trunk, sectioned from the descending abdominal aorta, is located. The complete splenic artery is shown following its tortuous path from the celiac trunk to the spleen. The model also displays the origins of the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery branching from the celiac trunk.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdjacent to the celiac trunk, a segment of the splenic vein is visible emerging from the pancreas’ capsule. This vein runs alongside the splenic artery en route to the spleen. Additionally, a portion of the superior mesenteric vein is seen adhering to the posterior pancreas, representing its path before converging with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe tail of the pancreas is embedded within the splenic capsule, partially obscuring the splenic artery branches before entering the spleen. For more detailed views of this region, refer to our other spleen models (A8 and AW 34), which illustrate further anatomical and spatial relationships.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717876088,"sku":"EZ-MP1135","price":876.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1135.jpg?v=1758798416"},{"product_id":"liver-with-vessels-and-gallbladder","title":"Liver with vessels and gallbladder","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eLiver with vessels and gallbladder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis liver model displays notable differences compared to a typical liver. It is less wedge-shaped and elongated in the superoinferior dimension, resulting in a greater vertical height when viewed from the posterior.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eSize\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Measures approximately 18 cm along the midclavicular line.\u003cbr\u003e- Typical livers measure under 16 cm in this dimension.\u003cbr\u003e- The increased length suggests mild hepatomegaly (enlargement).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eImportant Notes\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e- Size estimates may be affected by specimen preservation and fixing, which can cause some distortion.\u003cbr\u003e- Diagnosing hepatomegaly based on a single measurement is limited and varies with individual anatomy, measurement technique, sex, and body mass index (BMI).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnatomical Variations\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis specimen does not match common anatomical variations often confused with hepatomegaly such as:\u003cbr\u003e- Riedel’s lobe: a downward projection of the right lobe\u003cbr\u003e- Beaver tail liver: elongated left lobe\u003cbr\u003e- Papillary process from the caudate lobe\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717908856,"sku":"EZ-MP1136","price":2010.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1136_1.jpg?v=1758798313"},{"product_id":"internal-abdominal-wall","title":"Internal abdominal wall","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eInternal abdominal wall\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis detailed 3D model captures the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall—a region often removed or damaged during dissections.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Features:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuscle Fibers \u0026amp; Aponeurosis:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe horizontally oriented transversus abdominus muscle fibers converge toward their aponeurosis (tendon sheet), visible especially along the specimen’s superior margins.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eArcuate Line:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLocated in the lower third of the model, this landmark marks where the aponeurosis shifts relative to the rectus abdominus muscle.\u003cbr\u003e- Above the arcuate line: Aponeurosis fibers split evenly around the rectus abdominus.\u003cbr\u003e- Below the arcuate line: All aponeurotic fibers pass anteriorly to the rectus abdominus, reflecting a change in abdominal wall structure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVascular Structures:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eInferior Epigastric Arteries \u0026amp; Veins:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese vessels originate from the external iliac arteries and veins, ascending superiorly through the anterior abdominal wall.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHesselbach’s Triangle:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOn the right side of the model, the orientation of the inferior epigastric artery relative to the rectus abdominus muscle defines the apex of the inguinal (Hesselbach’s) triangle—a critical anatomical region often associated with direct inguinal hernias. (Note: The inguinal ligament forming the base of this triangle is not present in this specimen.)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Arial;\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmbryological Remnant:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eMedian Abdominal Ligament:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePositioned midline between the two rectus abdominus muscles, this fold of parietal peritoneum covers the urachus, a fibrous remnant from embryological development extending from the bladder to the umbilicus.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Erler-Zimmer","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54831717941624,"sku":"EZ-MP1137","price":852.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/files\/MP1137.jpg?v=1758798220"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0507\/6087\/6201\/collections\/MP1132_2.jpg?v=1782219523","url":"https:\/\/simandskills.co.uk\/collections\/3d-true-to-life-anatomy-abdomen-and-gastrointestinal.oembed","provider":"Sim \u0026 Skills","version":"1.0","type":"link"}